Waste water and waste water treatment plants can act as reservoirs and environmental
suppliers of antibiotic resistance. They have also been proposed to be hotspots for …

Bacteria acquire novel DNA through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), a process that enables
an organism to rapidly adapt to changing environmental conditions, provides a competitive …

The intensive use of antibiotics results in their continuous release into the environment and
the subsequent widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic …

Antibiotics are widely used in animal husbandry, and various types of antibiotic resistance
genes (ARGs) are frequently detected in livestock waste around the world. Conventional …

Wastewater is among the most important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in urban
environments. The abundance of carbon sources and other nutrients, a variety of possible …

Despite substantial interest in the species diversity of the human microbiome and its role in
disease, the scale of its genetic diversity, which is fundamental to deciphering human …

Antibiotic resistance is recognised as a major global threat to public health by the World
Health Organization. Currently, several hundred thousand deaths yearly can be attributed to …

Background Soil bacteria naturally produce antibiotics as a competitive mechanism, with a
concomitant evolution, and exchange by horizontal gene transfer, of a range of antibiotic …

Flexibility in the exchange of genetic material takes place between different organisms of the
same or different species. This phenomenon is known to play a key role in the genetic …

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) collect wastewater from various sources for a multi-
step treatment process. By mixing a large variety of bacteria and promoting their proximity …