Cells are crowded, but proteins are almost always studied in dilute aqueous buffer. We
review the experimental evidence that crowding affects the equilibrium thermodynamics of …

▪ Abstract The energy landscape theory of protein folding is a statistical description of a
protein's potential surface. It assumes that folding occurs through organizing an ensemble of …

Many biologically interesting phenomena occur on a time scale that is too long to be studied
by atomistic simulations. These phenomena include the dynamics of large proteins and self …

The breadth of structure and function displayed by the molecules of biology is remarkable.
Considering that there are only three major biopolymer backbones (proteins, ribonucleic …

General principles of protein structure, stability, and folding kinetics have recently been
explored in computer simulations of simple exact lattice models. These models represent …

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the present state of the studies of the molten
globule state and its role in protein folding and physiological processes. Recent data on the …

In this review, we summarize results from theory and experiment that bear on the following
questions: What are the denatured conformations of pro teins? How are they affected by …

This book mainly aims to present an accurate history of the Darwinian tradition conducted
from a point of view that is both socially contextualized and conceptually reflective, and to do …

The study of molecular evolution at the level of protein-coding genes often entails comparing
large datasets of sequences to infer their evolutionary relationships. Despite the importance …

How does a protein find its native state without a globally exhaustive search? We propose
the" HZ"(hydrophobic zipper) hypothesis: hydrophobic contacts act as constraints that bring …