Mountains are an essential component of the global life-support system. They are
characterized by a rugged, heterogenous landscape with rapidly changing environmental …

The microbiome is known to provide benefits to hosts, including extension of immune
function. Amphibians are a powerful immunological model for examining mucosal defenses …

Anthropogenic habitat disturbance is fundamentally altering patterns of disease
transmission and immunity across the vertebrate tree of life. Most studies linking …

This review summarizes the role of environmental factors on amphibian microbiotas at the
organismal, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. At the organismal …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for identifying and detecting pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) produced by a variety of pathogens, including viruses and …

Skin microbiota play an important role in skin barrier function and are associated with host
health. The study of the skin microbiota is beneficial for managing disease with skin …

Controlled laboratory experiments are often performed on amphibians to establish causality
between stressor presence and an adverse outcome. However, in the field, identification of …

The amphibian skin microbiome plays a crucial role in host immunity and pathogen defence,
yet we know little about the environmental drivers of skin microbial variation across host …

Amphibian skin microbiomes can play a critical role in host survival against emerging
diseases by protecting their host against pathogens. While a plethora of biotic and abiotic …

The amphibian skin microbiome is important in maintaining host health, but is vulnerable to
perturbation from changes in biotic and abiotic conditions. Anthropogenic habitat …