One-carbon (1C) metabolism, mediated by the folate cofactor, supports multiple
physiological processes. These include biosynthesis (purines and thymidine), amino acid …

Abstract Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl) is a nutrient essential to human health. Due to its
complex structure and dual cofactor forms, Cbl undergoes a complicated series of …

Neural tube defects are severe congenital malformations affecting around one in every 1000
pregnancies. An innovation in clinical management has come from the finding that closure of …

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, are severe birth
defects of the central nervous system that originate during embryonic development when the …

The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health, Fifth Edition, provides the latest
coverage of the biochemistry and physiology of vitamins and vitamin-like substances. Health …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common complex congenital malformations resulting from
failure of the neural tube closure during embryogenesis. It is established that folic acid …

Carbohydrate can be converted into fat by de novo lipogenesis, a process upregulated in
fatty liver disease. Chemically, de novo lipogenesis involves polymerization and reduction of …

The formation of the embryonic brain and spinal cord begins as the neural plate bends to
form the neural folds, which meet and adhere to close the neural tube. The neural ectoderm …

Glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) acts in the glycine cleavage system to decarboxylate glycine
and transfer a one-carbon unit into folate one-carbon metabolism. GLDC mutations cause a …

Women have higher requirements for folate during pregnancy. An optimal folate status must
be achieved before conception and in the first trimester when the neural tube closes. Low …