The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal
muscle mass, along with adipose tissue wasting, systemic inflammation and other metabolic …

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the acute
respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a persistent threat to global public …

The body of evidence from the past three decades demonstrates that oxidative stress can be
involved in several diseases. This study aims to summarise the current state of knowledge …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) shares many phenotypic similarities with other chronic
diseases, including heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV infection and …

Obesity is a complex disease characterized by excessive expansion of adipose tissue and is
an important risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, hypertension …

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a pathological condition mainly characterized by a loss of
muscular mass and the contractile capacity of the skeletal muscle as a consequence of …

Skeletal muscle atrophy, referred to as sarcopenia, is often observed in chronic kidney
disease (CKD) patients, especially in patients who are undergoing hemodialysis. The …

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a specific heart muscle disease found in individuals with
a history of long-term heavy alcohol consumption. ACM is associated with a number of …

Combined dysfunction of the heart and the kidneys, which can be associated with
haemodynamic impairment, is classically referred to as cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) …