This review summarizes the current literature available on joint cartilage alterations in long-
duration spaceflight. Evidence from spaceflight participants is currently limited to serum …

Human movement is optimized to Earth's gravity and based on highly complex interactions
between sensory and neuro-muscular systems. Yet, humans are able to adapt—at least …

Actuators are ubiquitous to generate controlled motion through the application of suitable
excitation force or torque to perform various operations in manufacturing and industrial …

Gait is a common but rather complex activity that supports mobility in daily life. It requires
indeed sophisticated coordination of lower and upper limbs, controlled by the nervous …

Long-lasting exposure to low gravity, such as in lunar settlements planned by the ongoing
Artemis Program, elicits muscle hypotrophy, bone demineralization, cardio-respiratory and …

Background Exposure to prolonged periods in microgravity is associated with
deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system due to chronic changes in mechanical …

In the context of extra-terrestrial missions, the effects of hypogravity (0< G< 1) on the human
body can reduce the well-being of the crew, cause musculoskeletal problems and affect their …

The first uses of nanotechnology were incidental, like in the cases of the first human-made
nanostructures dating back to 600 BC when coatings of carbon nanotubes were made in …

There are numerous energy sources that are abundant in our environment but are under-
utilized. One example is magnetic noise (energy) generated by electrical power systems and …