Healthy limb joints are important for maintaining health and attaining longevity.
Endochondral ossification (the replacement of cartilage with bone, occurring during skeletal …

Western blotting (WB), also known as immunoblotting, is a well-known molecular biology
method that biologists often use to investigate many features of the protein, ranging from …

Abstract T helper 17 (Th17) cells are important mediators of immune responses against
extracellular bacteria and fungi, and as such play critical regulatory roles in maintaining …

Objective Antibodies against posttranslationally modified proteins are a hallmark of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the emergence and pathogenicity of these autoantibodies are …

Background Follicular fluid is a unique biological fluid in which the critical events of oocyte
and follicular maturation and somatic cell-germ cell communication occur. Because of the …

Cancer cells have long been known to fuel their pathogenic growth habits by sustaining a
high glycolytic flux, first described almost 90 years ago as the so-called Warburg effect …

CD5L, a soluble protein belonging to the SRCR superfamily, is expressed mostly by
macrophages in lymphoid and inflamed tissues. The expression of this protein is …

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an evolutionary conserved key component of humoral immunity,
and the first antibody isotype to emerge during an immune response. IgM is a large (1 MDa) …

Synovial fluid in an articulating joint contains proteins derived from the blood plasma and
proteins that are produced by cells within the joint tissues, such as synovium, cartilage …

Body fluid proteome has been intensively studied as a primary source for disease biomarker
discovery. Using advanced proteomics technologies, early research success has resulted in …