In this review, we are pitting two theories against each other: the more accepted theory, the
number sense theory, suggesting that a sense of number is innate and non-symbolic …

It is widely accepted that human and nonhuman species possess a specialized system to
process large approximate numerosities. The theory of an evolutionarily ancient …

Numerosity, the set size of a group of items, is processed by the association cortex, but
certain aspects mirror the properties of primary senses. Sensory cortices contain …

The approximate number system (ANS) subserves estimation of the number of items in a set.
Typically, ANS function is assessed by requiring participants to compare the number of dots …

Humans, including infants, and many other species have a capacity for rapid, nonverbal
estimation of numerosity. However, the mechanisms for number perception are still not clear; …

Although humans are the only species to possess language-driven abstract mathematical
capacities, we share with many other animals a nonverbal capacity for estimating quantities …

Young children can quickly and intuitively represent the number of objects in a visual scene
through the Approximate Number System (ANS). The precision of the ANS–indexed as the …

Humans are endowed with an intuitive number sense that allows us to perceive and
estimate numerosity without relying on language. It is controversial, however, as to whether …

Humans and many animals analyze sensory information to estimate quantities that guide
behavior and decisions. These quantities include numerosity (object number) and object …

Despite the existence of much evidence for a number sense in humans, several researchers
have questioned whether number is sensed directly or derived indirectly from texture …