Terrain is considered one of the most essential natural geographic features and is a key
factor in physical processes. Geomorphometry and terrain analyses have provided a wealth …

Abstract Warming on Earth's Third Pole is leading to rapid loss of ice and the formation and
expansion of glacial lakes, posing a severe threat to downstream communities. Here we …

Abstract Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau are expanding rapidly in response to climate change.
The potential impact on the local environment if lake expansion continues remains …

Freely available global digital elevation models (DEMs) are important inputs for many
research fields and applications. During the last decade, several global DEMs have been …

ABSTRACT A good understanding of the quality of digital elevation model (DEM) is a
perquisite for various applications. This study investigates the accuracy of three most …

Flood models rely on accurate topographic data representing the bare earth ground surface.
In many parts of the world, the only topographic data available are the free, satellite-derived …

The digital elevation models (DEMs) are the primary and most important spatial inputs for a
wide range of hydrological applications. However, their availability from multiple sources …

Landform classification is one of the most important aspects in geomorphological research,
dividing the Earth's surface into diverse geomorphological types. Thus, an accurate …

Digital elevation models (DEMs) contain some of the most important data for providing
terrain information and supporting environmental analyses. However, the applications of …

Abstract Global Digital Elevation Models (GDEMs) have been increasingly used to assess
the risk of flooding worldwide. However, their effectiveness and the performance of flood risk …