The cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (cNMPs), and notably 3′, 5′-cyclic guanosine
monophosphate (cGMP) and 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) are now …

In reaction to a stimulus, signaling molecules are made, generate a response, and are then
degraded. Nucleotides are classically associated with central metabolism and nucleic acid …

Tyrosine-sulfated peptides are key regulators of plant growth and development. The
disulfated pentapeptide phytosulfokine (PSK) mediates growth via leucine-rich repeat …

Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) and their catalytic product cAMP are regulatory components of
many plant responses. Here, we show that an amino acid search motif based on annotated …

Plants as sessile organisms face daily environmental challenges and have developed
highly nuanced signaling systems to enable suitable growth, development, defense, or …

Moonlighting functional centers within proteins can provide them with hitherto unrecognized
functions. Here, we review how hidden moonlighting functional centers, which we define as …

Brassinosteroids (BR s) are hormones that control many aspects of plant growth and
development, acting at the cell level to promote division and expansion. BR regulation of …

Efficient integration of various external and internal signals is required to maintain adaptive
cellular function. Numerous distinct signal transduction systems have evolved to allow cells …

The brassinosteroid receptor brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI 1) is a member of the
leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase family. The intracellular kinase domain of BRI 1 is …

The majority of proteins in both prokaryote and eukaryote proteomes consist of two or more
functional centers, which allows for intramolecular tuning of protein functions. Such …