Plant diseases caused by necrotrophic fungal pathogens result in large economic losses in
field crop production worldwide. Effectors are important players of plant-pathogen interaction …

Phytopathogenic fungi need to secrete different hydrolytic enzymes to break down complex
polysaccharides in the plant cell wall in order to enter the host and develop the disease …

Fungal pathogens are major destructive microorganisms for land plants and pose growing
challenges to global crop production. Chitin is a vital building block for fungal cell walls and …

Pathogenesis in plant diseases is complex comprising diverse pathogen virulence and plant
immune mechanisms. These pathogens cause damaging plant diseases by deploying …

Resident microbiota produces small molecules that influence the chemical
microenvironments on leaves, but its signalling roles in pathogen defence are not yet well …

Introduction Rhizoctonia solani, the causative agent of the sheath blight disease (ShB),
invades rice to obtain nutrients, especially sugars; however, the molecular mechanism via …

Phyto-pathogenic fungi can cause huge damage to crop production. During millions of years
of coexistence, fungi have evolved diverse life-style to obtain nutrients from the host and to …

Necrotrophic pathogenic bacteria, fungi and oomycetes are widely distributed and are
responsible for significant crop losses. Host plants deploy different defense mechanisms …

Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by cell-surface receptors is
pivotal in host-microbe interactions. Both pathogens and symbionts establish plant-microbe …

Effectors are small, secreted molecules that mediate the establishment of interactions in
nature. While some concepts of effector biology have stood the test of time, this area of study …