Polyphenols, as one group of secondary metabolite, are widely distributed in plants and
have been reported to show various bioactivities in recent year. Starch digestion not only is …

Life is characterized by a myriad of complex dynamic processes allowing organisms to grow,
reproduce, and evolve. Physical approaches for describing systems out of thermodynamic …

The past decade has witnessed an explosion in the use of super-resolution fluorescence
microscopy methods in biology and other fields. Single-molecule localization microscopy …

Cells routinely compartmentalize enzymes for enhanced efficiency of their metabolic
pathways. Here we report a general approach to construct DNA nanocaged enzymes for …

Markov state models of molecular kinetics (MSMs), in which the long-time statistical
dynamics of a molecule is approximated by a Markov chain on a discrete partition of …

Measurement science has been converging to smaller and smaller samples, such that it is
now possible to detect single molecules. This Review focuses on the next generation of …

A central challenge of biology is to understand how individual cells process information and
respond to perturbations. Much of our knowledge is based on ensemble measurements …

Quorum sensing (QS), a microbial cell-to-cell communication process, dynamically regulates
a variety of metabolism and physiological activities. In this review, we provide an update on …

The analysis of proteins at the single-molecule level reveals heterogeneous behaviours that
are masked in ensemble-averaged techniques. The digital quantification of enzymes …

Stochastic restart may drastically reduce the expected run time of a computer algorithm,
expedite the completion of a complex search process, or increase the turnover rate of an …