Apathy and anhedonia are common syndromes of motivation that are associated with a wide
range of brain disorders and have no established therapies. Research using animal models …

While trait positive emotionality and state positive-valence affect have long been the subject
of intense study, the importance of differentiating among several “discrete” positive emotions …

One of the most salient attributes of information is valence: whether a piece of news is good
or bad. Contrary to classic learning theories, which implicitly assume beliefs are adjusted …

Current reinforcement-learning models often assume simplified decision processes that do
not fully reflect the dynamic complexities of choice processes. Conversely, sequential …

Instrumental learning involves corticostriatal circuitry and the dopaminergic system. This
system is typically modeled in the reinforcement learning (RL) framework by incrementally …

Prominent theories of decision making suggest that the basal ganglia (BG) play a causal
role in deliberation between action choices. An alternative hypothesis is that deliberation …

The striatum has been involved in complex behaviors such as motor control, learning,
decision-making, reward and aversion. The striatum is mainly composed of medium spiny …

Using a contingency volatility manipulation, we tested the hypothesis that difficulty adapting
probabilistic decision-making to second-order uncertainty might reflect a core deficit that cuts …

Involvement of dopamine in regulating exploration during decision-making has long been
hypothesized, but direct causal evidence in humans is still lacking. Here, we use a …

Apathy is commonly defined as a loss of motivation leading to a reduction in goal-directed
behaviors. This multidimensional syndrome, which includes cognitive, emotional and …