Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration
ensures that the frequency and depth of breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes considerable morbidity, mortality, and health
expenditures worldwide. Obesity is a significant risk factor for CKD development, partially …

Untreated sleep disordered breathing (obstructive sleep apnea and/or central sleep apnea)
are an important cause of medical mortality and morbidity. OSA is characterized by recurrent …

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly in the last 3 decades, and this
increase has led to important changes in the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of many …

Obesity‐related sleep breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and
obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) cause intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep, a …

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as daytime hypercapnia in obese
individuals in the absence of other underlying causes. In the United States, OHS is present …

Rationale: Leptin treats upper airway obstruction and alveolar hypoventilation in leptin-
deficient ob/ob mice. However, obese humans and mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) are …

Breathing is coupled to metabolism. Leptin, a peptide mainly secreted in proportion to
adipose tissue mass, increases energy expenditure with a parallel increase in breathing. We …

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Leptin is a peptide hormone produced mainly in white adipose tissue. It is known to regulate
energy homeostasis, inflammation, metabolism, and sympathetic nerve activity. Increasing …