The foundations of geometric morphometrics were worked out about 30 years ago and have
continually been refined and extended. What has remained as a central thrust and source of …

Fossil evidence points to an African origin of Homo sapiens from a group called either H.
heidelbergensis or H. rhodesiensis. However, the exact place and time of emergence of H …

Two fossilized human crania (Apidima 1 and Apidima 2) from Apidima Cave, southern
Greece, were discovered in the late 1970s but have remained enigmatic owing to their …

Modern humans have large and globular brains that distinguish them from their extinct
Homo relatives. The characteristic globularity develops during a prenatal and early postnatal …

Many ecological and evolutionary studies seek to explain patterns of shape variation and its
covariation with other variables. Geometric morphometrics is often used for this purpose …

Quantitative shape analysis using geometric morphometrics is based on the statistical
analysis of landmark coordinates. Many structures, however, cannot be quantified using …

A thoroughly revised and updated edition of this introduction to modern statistical methods
for shape analysis Shape analysis is an important tool in the many disciplines where objects …

Geometric morphometrics is the statistical analysis of form based on Cartesian landmark
coordinates. After separating shape from overall size, position, and orientation of the …

Computer-aided visualization and analysis of fossils has revolutionized the study of extinct
organisms. Novel techniques allow fossils to be characterized in three dimensions and in …

The timing of the first arrival of Homo sapiens in East Asia from Africa and the degree to
which they interbred with or replaced local archaic populations is controversial. Previous …