Modern technology has enabled the isolation of nanocellulose from plant-based fibers, and
the current trend focuses on utilizing nanocellulose in a broad range of sustainable …

This article recounts, from my perspective of four decades in this field, evolving paradigms of
primary cell wall structure and the mechanism of surface enlargement of growing cell walls …

Plants have evolved complex nanofibril-based cell walls to meet diverse biological and
physical constraints. How strength and extensibility emerge from the nanoscale-to …

Cellulose is often described as a mixture of crystalline and amorphous material. A large part
of the general understanding of the chemical, biochemical and physical properties of …

The plant cell wall is a dynamic network of several biopolymers and structural proteins
including cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is one of the main load …

This paper reviews principles, data interpretations, and applications of vibrational
spectroscopic methods used for analysis of cellulose in the isolated state and in plant cell …

Highlights•Cellulose microfibrils have hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces.•The different
cellulose faces may facilitate formation of anisotropic lamellae.•Microfibrils move differently …

The complexity of plant cell walls on different hierarchical levels still impedes the detailed
understanding of biosynthetic pathways, interferes with processing in industry and finally …

The primary cell wall is highly hydrated in its native state, yet many structural studies have
been conducted on dried samples. Here, we use grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray …

In biomedical engineering, smart materials act as media to communicate physiological
signals inspired by environmentally responsive stimuli with outer indicators for timely …