Long COVID represents the constellation of post-acute and long-term health effects caused
by SARS-CoV-2 infection; it is a complex, multisystem disorder that can affect nearly every …

In The Lancet, we have published the findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries,
and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 in a series of six Articles. 1–6 GBD began in 1991 and …

Background Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by
underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and …

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an important global health challenge in
the 21st century. A previous study has quantified the global and regional burden of AMR for …

Background Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to
policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term …

Background Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death
is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and …

Background Accurate assessments of current and future fertility—including overall trends
and changing population age structures across countries and regions—are essential to help …

Summary Background Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are a major global contributor to
morbidity and mortality. In 2020–21, non-pharmaceutical interventions associated with the …

Background Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk
factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) has become a public health concern with global
ageing. However, comprehensive assessments of the temporal and geographical trend of …