Calculations of the impact of friction and wear on energy consumption, economic
expenditure, and CO 2 emissions are presented on a global scale. This impact study covers …

Much of chemistry is concerned with the study of reactions and processes in solution, that is,
where liquids are used as solvents. 2, 3 The solvent is the (excess) liquid phase in which …

Ionic liquids are pure salts that are liquid under ambient conditions. As liquids composed
solely of ions, the scientific consensus has been that ionic liquids have exceedingly high …

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is not only a tool to image the topography of solid
surfaces at high resolution. It can also be used to measure force-versus-distance curves …

Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Comprehensive textbook on the interdisciplinary field of
interface science, fully updated with new content on wetting, spectroscopy, and coatings …

The increasing importance of studies on soft matter and their impact on new technologies,
including those associated with nanotechnology, has brought intermolecular and surface …

Molecular self association in liquids is a physical process that can dominate cohesion
(interfacial tension) and miscibility. In water, self association is a powerful organizational …

Thoroughly revised and reorganized, the second edition of Interfacial Forces in Aqueous
Media examines the role of polar interfacial and noncovalent interactions among biological …

Calculations of Hamaker constants using Lifshitz theory require the availability of accurate
dielectric data, especially in the ultraviolet spectral region, and the use of a convenient and …

The attractive interaction between organic nonpolar molecules, such as hydrocarbons, in
water is unusually strong. This 'hydrophobic interaction'1 is responsible for the very low …