Background Plastic responses of plants to the environment are ubiquitous. Phenotypic
plasticity occurs in many forms and at many biological scales, and its adaptive value …

Insects are highly successful animals inhabiting marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats
from the equator to the poles. As a group, insects have limited ability to regulate their body …

Shifts in phenology are already resulting in disruptions to the timing of migration and
breeding, and asynchronies between interacting species,,,–. Recent syntheses have …

The phenology of many ecological processes is modulated by temperature, making them
potentially sensitive to climate change. Mutualistic interactions may be especially vulnerable …

Climate warming affects the phenology, local abundance and large‐scale distribution of
plants and pollinators. Despite this, there is still limited knowledge of how elevated …

Climate warming accelerates the timing of flowering and insect pollinator emergence,
especially in spring. If these phenological shifts progress independently between species …

Plant phenology is strongly controlled by climate and has consequently become one of the
most reliable bioindicators of ongoing climate change. We used a dataset of more than 200 …

Structural analysis of plant–pollinator networks has revealed remarkably high species and
interaction diversity and highlighted the species important for pollination services. Although …

Many studies have reported statistically significant associations between bird migratory
phenology and climatic variables, and, consequently, it is mostly accepted that recent shifts …

Honey bee plays the leading role in the pollination of many wild plants and crops, but it
currently faces serious threats. Climate change is pointed out as one of the causes of the …