Interleukin-2 (IL-2) regulates key aspects of CD8 T cell biology–signaling through distinct
pathways IL-2 triggers critical metabolic and transcriptional changes that lead to a spectrum …

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is the leading cause of non-epidemic encephalitis
in the developed world and, despite antiviral therapy, mortality and morbidity is high. The …

ABSTRACT T cell exhaustion and loss of memory potential occur during many chronic viral
infections and cancer. We investigated when during chronic viral infection virus-specific CD8 …

Robust CD8+ T cell memory is essential for long-term protective immunity but is often
compromised in cancer, where T cell exhaustion leads to loss of memory precursors …

Inhibitory signaling in dysfunctional CD8 T cells through the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)
axis is well established in chronic viral infections and cancers. PD-1 is also transiently …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) afflicts people of all ages and genders, and the severity of injury
ranges from concussion/mild TBI to severe TBI. Across all spectrums, TBI has wide-ranging …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: In patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus
(HCV) infections, antiviral functions of T cells are impaired; these might be increased by …

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic member of the alphaherpes virus family,
is among the most prevalent and successful human pathogens. HSV-1 can cause serious …

Immune memory cells are poised to rapidly expand and elaborate effector functions upon
reinfection yet exist in a functionally quiescent state. The paradigm is that memory T cells …

Stem memory T cells (TSCM) have been described in mice, non‐human primates and in
humans, constituting approximately 2–4% of the total CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell population in …