Two of the most prevalent human viruses worldwide, herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2
(HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively), cause a variety of diseases, including cold sores, genital …

Tissues such as the genital tract, skin, and lung act as barriers against invading pathogens.
To protect the host, incoming microbes must be quickly and efficiently controlled by the …

Autophagy is known to be important in presentation of cytosolic antigens on MHC class II
(MHC II). However, the role of autophagic process in antigen presentation in vivo is unclear …

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection occurs primarily at the genital mucosal surfaces
and is a leading cause of ulcerative lesions. Despite the availability of animal models for …

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) comprise a newly defined subset, which comprises a
major component of lymphocyte populations in diverse peripheral tissue sites, including …

For many pathogens the role of antibody-mediated immunity (AMI) is poorly understood, in
part because of the limited tools available to establish antibody efficacy. AMI is classically …

Type I interferons (IFNs) are considered to be the universal mechanism by which viral
infections are controlled. However, many IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) rely on antiviral …

Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (CD8 TRM) cells are an essential component of protective
immune responses at barrier tissues, including the female genital tract. However, the …

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) types 1 and 2 are ubiquitous infections in humans. They
cause orofacial and genital herpes with occasional severe complications. HSV2 also …

Although the importance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and neutralizing antibodies for antiviral
defense is well known, the antiviral mechanism of Th1 remains unclear. We show that Th1 …