Alzheimer and a number of other neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the
presence of reactive microglia and reactive astrocytes in association with the lesions. The …

Chemokines are critical components in pathology. The roles of chemokine CC motif ligand 4
(CCL4) and its receptor are associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerosis …

Innate immunity mediated by microglia appears to play a crucial role in initiating and
propagating seizure-induced inflammatory responses. To address the role of activated …

Mice housed in an enriched environment display a tumor-resistant phenotype due to
eustress stimulation. However, the mechanisms underlying enriched environment–induced …

The expression and the role of the chemokine receptor CCR5 have been mainly studied in
the context of HIV infection. However, this protein is also expressed in the brain, where it can …

Chemokines are small chemotactic cytokines that are involved in the regulation of immune
cell migration. Multiple functional properties of chemokines, such as pro-inflammation …

Stroke induces a systemic response that involves rapid activation of inflammatory cascades,
followed later by immunodepression. Experimental stroke-induced responses in the bone …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest superfamily of membrane proteins,
and several GPCRs have been implicated in signaling between neurons and glia to protect …

Like other infectious diseases, COVID-19 shows a clinical outcome enormously variable,
ranging from asymptomatic to lethal. In Italy, like in other countries, old male individuals, with …

Rutin is a glycosylated flavonoid present in many fruits and plants that has been
demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, little is known …