This paper estimates policy-induced trade costs in five services sectors for 46 countries
using structural gravity. Despite services trade having tripled in the last two decades, the …

Services have long been perceived as playing a secondary role in world trade. This article
discusses the contribution of services trade in economic development, trade integration, and …

While the lockdowns imposed in countries across the world in the wake of COVID-19 will be
lifted eventually, social distancing (both voluntary and selective) is likely to stay for longer …

Despite the importance of services trade and “servicification” of economic activity,“Mode 4”
accounted for only 2.9% of total services trade in 2017. While existing literature has …

The intangible nature of services and the lack of disaggregated trade data increase the
difficulties involved in assessing the impediments to cross‐border trade in services. In an …

This article is the first to explore how manufacturing firms adjust their export product mix in
response to services liberalization. We focus on the liberalization of services foreign direct …

Given the importance of services for economic activity in general and the salience of
reducing service link costs for overcoming the economic and health challenges emanating …

This paper shows that smaller and less productive firms, as well as first‐time exporters, are
overproportionally affected by services trade barriers using micro‐data from Belgium …

The paper provides evidence of the investment patterns of Japanese multinational
enterprises (MNEs) across countries and industries and analyses the main drivers of their …

This paper presents our attempt at identifying trade elasticities through variations in the
exchange rate for possible applications to the case of services whose physical transactions …