Direct small-molecule inhibitors of KRAS: from structural insights to mechanism-based design

JML Ostrem, KM Shokat - Nature reviews Drug discovery, 2016 - nature.com
KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer. In addition to holding this
distinction, unsuccessful attempts to target this protein have led to the characterization of …

Ras conformational ensembles, allostery, and signaling

S Lu, H Jang, S Muratcioglu, A Gursoy, O Keskin… - Chemical …, 2016 - ACS Publications
Ras proteins are classical members of small GTPases that function as molecular switches by
alternating between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. Ras activation is …

Mutation-induced impacts on the switch transformations of the GDP-and GTP-bound K-ras: Insights from multiple replica Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics …

J Chen, S Zhang, W Wang, L Pang… - Journal of Chemical …, 2021 - ACS Publications
Mutations yield significant effect on the structural flexibility of two switch domains, SW1 and
SW2, in K-Ras, which is considered as an important target of anticancer drug design. To …

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors: regulators of Rho GTPase activity in development and disease

DR Cook, KL Rossman, CJ Der - Oncogene, 2014 - nature.com
The aberrant activity of Ras homologous (Rho) family small GTPases (20 human members)
has been implicated in cancer and other human diseases. However, in contrast to the direct …

Ras and Rap1: a tale of two GTPases

S Shah, EJ Brock, K Ji, RR Mattingly - Seminars in cancer biology, 2019 - Elsevier
Ras oncoproteins play pivotal roles in both the development and maintenance of many
tumor types. Unfortunately, these proteins are difficult to directly target using traditional …

Allosteric modulator discovery: from serendipity to structure-based design

S Lu, X He, D Ni, J Zhang - Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2019 - ACS Publications
Allosteric modulators bound to structurally diverse allosteric sites can achieve better
pharmacological advantages than orthosteric ligands. The discovery of allosteric …

Targeting the small GTPase superfamily through their regulatory proteins

JL Gray, F von Delft, PE Brennan - … Chemie International Edition, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
The Ras superfamily of small GTPases are guanine‐nucleotide‐dependent switches
essential for numerous cellular processes. Mutations or dysregulation of these proteins are …

Small-molecule modulation of Ras signaling

J Spiegel, PM Cromm, G Zimmermann… - Nature chemical …, 2014 - nature.com
Despite intense efforts in pharmaceutical industry and academia, a therapeutic grip on
oncogenic Ras proteins has remained elusive. Mutated Ras is associated with∼ 20− 30% of …

Multiscale methods in drug design bridge chemical and biological complexity in the search for cures

RE Amaro, AJ Mulholland - Nature Reviews Chemistry, 2018 - nature.com
Drug action is inherently multiscale: it connects molecular interactions to emergent
properties at cellular and larger scales. Simulation techniques at each of these different …

Drugging Ras GTPase: a comprehensive mechanistic and signaling structural view

S Lu, H Jang, S Gu, J Zhang, R Nussinov - Chemical Society Reviews, 2016 - pubs.rsc.org
Ras proteins are small GTPases, cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-
bound states. Through these switches they regulate signaling that controls cell growth and …