Based on the analysis of 190 studies (18,573 participants), we estimate that the average
silent reading rate for adults in English is 238 words per minute (wpm) for non-fiction and …

Eye Tracking in Second Language Acquisition and Bilingualism provides foundational
knowledge and hands-on advice for designing, conducting, and analysing eye-tracking …

Scientific studies of language behavior need to grapple with a large diversity of languages in
the world and, for reading, a further variability in writing systems. Yet, the ability to form …

Decades of reading research have led to sophisticated accounts of single-word recognition
and, in parallel, accounts of eye-movement control in text reading. Although these two …

Previous studies have shown that reading is an important source of incidental second
language (L2) vocabulary acquisition. However, we still do not have a clear picture of what …

Eye movements are now widely used to investigate cognitive processes during reading,
scene perception, and visual search. In this article, research on the following topics is …

Efficient language processing may involve generating expectations about upcoming input.
To investigate the extent to which prediction might facilitate reading, a large-scale survey …

A word's predictability in its context has a reliable influence on eye movements in reading.
This article reviews the extensive literature that has investigated this influence, focusing on …

The present review summarizes research investigating how words are identified
parafoveally (and foveally) in reading. Parafoveal and foveal processing are compared …

Brain-electric correlates of reading have traditionally been studied with word-by-word
presentation, a condition that eliminates important aspects of the normal reading process …