Immune imprinting is a phenomenon that stems from the fundamentals of immunological
memory. Upon recurrent exposures to an evolving pathogen, the immune system must …

The concept of immunity debt is a phenomenon resulting from the suppression of endemic
pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic due to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) …

The global dynamics of seasonal influenza viruses inform the design of surveillance,
intervention, and vaccination strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a singular …

Orsay virus (OrV) is the only known natural virus affecting Caenorhabditis elegans, with
minimal impact on the animal's fitness due to its robust innate immune response. This study …

There has been a sudden increase in viral diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19), causing significant harm to human and animal well-being, as well as economic …

The epidemic and outbreaks of influenza B Victoria lineage (Bv) during 2019–2022 led to an
analysis of genetic, epitopes, charged amino acids and Bv outbreaks. Based on the National …

Abstract East, South, and Southeast Asia (together referred to as Southeastern Asia
hereafter) have been recognized as critical areas fuelling the global circulation of seasonal …

The influenza neuraminidase (NA) is a potential target for the development of a next-
generation influenza vaccine, but its antigenicity is not well understood. Here, we isolate an …

Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are a critical tool for the understanding of
infectious disease progression, characterising immune responses to infection and rapid …

Background Influenza is a common illness for its high rates of morbidity and transmission.
The implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 …