BACKGROUND Oxygen concentrations in both the open ocean and coastal waters have
been declining since at least the middle of the 20th century. This oxygen loss, or …

Over the last 50 years there has been an increased frequency and severity of negative
impacts affecting marine fishery and aquaculture sectors, which claimed significant …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

Increasing interest in deep-seabed mining has raised many questions surrounding its
potential environmental impacts and how to assess the impacts' significance. Under the …

In many coastal areas, marine ecosystems have shifted into contrasting states having
reduced ecosystem services (hereafter called degraded). Such degraded ecosystems may …

Otolith chemistry is often useful for tracking provenance of fishes, as well as examining
migration histories. Whereas elements such as strontium and barium correlate well with …

We review present understanding of the spatial and temporal diet variability
(trophodynamics) of a range of pelagic marine top predators, at both early and adult life …

Animal body-size variation influences multiple processes in marine ecosystems, but habitat
heterogeneity has prevented a comprehensive assessment of size across pelagic …

Marine pelagic ecosystems present fascinating opportunities for ecological investigation but
pose important methodological challenges for sampling. Active acoustic techniques involve …

Changes in two contrasting ecosystems of the Benguela upwelling region, one dominated at
mid-trophic level by jellyfishes (Namibia, northern Benguela ecosystem, where small pelagic …