Protein kinases regulate nearly all aspects of cell life, and alterations in their expression, or
mutations in their genes, cause cancer and other diseases. Here, we review the remarkable …

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) govern fundamental biochemical and cellular processes.
lncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) represses gene expression through …

Abnormal increases in cell size are associated with senescence and cell cycle exit. The
mechanisms by which overgrowth primes cells to withdraw from the cell cycle remain …

Cellular senescence is a potent tumor-suppressive mechanism that arrests cell proliferation
and has been linked to aging. However, studies of senescence have been impeded by the …

Cellular senescence suppresses cancer by forcing potentially oncogenic cells into a
permanent cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells also secrete growth factors, proteases, and …

The skeleton is a highly dynamic tissue whose structure relies on the balance between bone
deposition and resorption. This equilibrium, which depends on osteoblast and osteoclast …

Objectives Spondyloarthritides (SpA) are characterised by both peripheral and axial arthritis.
The hallmarks of peripheral SpA are the development of enthesitis, most typically of the …

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a central component in signaling networks in a
multitude of mammalian cell types. This review covers recent advances on specific functions …

Eukaryotic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have evolved to transduce
environmental and developmental signals into adaptive and programmed responses. MAPK …

Insulin activated endogenous protein kinase B alpha (also known as RAC/Akt kinase)
activity 12‐fold in L6 myotubes, while after transfection into 293 cells PKBalpha was …