Addictive drugs can activate systems involved in normal reward-related learning, creating
long-lasting memories of the drug's reinforcing effects and the environmental cues …

Recent reports suggest that nicotine withdrawal symptoms are common among adolescents
after a few weeks of intermittent tobacco use. No current model of nicotine dependence had …

About 1 million American adolescents start smoking every year. Adolescents may be
unusually sensitive to certain consequences of nicotine, demonstrating, for instance …

Neurotensin (NT) is a tridecapeptide that is found in the central nervous system (CNS) and
the gastrointestinal tract. NT behaves as a neurotransmitter in the brain and as a hormone in …

A major obstacle to the development of medications for nicotine dependence is the lack of
animal and human laboratory models with sufficient predictive clinical validity to support the …

Tobacco use is predicted to result in over 1 billion deaths worldwide by the end of the 21st
century. How genetic variation contributes to the observed differential predisposition in the …

Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure is linked to a number of adverse health outcomes.
This paper reviews published studies examining nicotine levels related to exposure to …

Despite a rich neuroscience literature on sensitization, this phenomenon has been
neglected in clinical nicotine research. This paper offers a primer on the neuroscience of …

There is increasing evidence that adolescence, like early life, is a sensitive period in which
ongoing brain development can be influenced by environmental factors. This review …

BACKGROUND: Nicotine is highly addictive when it is inhaled from tobacco smoke,
whereas nicotine replacement products, which usually deliver nicotine orally or …