Ocean acidification is likely to impact marine ecosystems and human societies adversely
and is a carbon cycle issue of great concern. Projecting the degree of ocean acidification …

Sparse in situ measurements and poor understanding of the impact of sea ice on air-sea gas
exchange introduce large uncertainties to models of polar oceanic carbon uptake. The eddy …

Reactive trace gas emissions from the polar oceans are poorly characterized, even though
their effects on atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation are crucial for assessing …

Climate change and plastic pollution are two of the most pressing environmental challenges
caused by human activity, and they are directly and indirectly linked. We focus on the …

We demonstrate direct eddy covariance (EC) observations of methane (CH4) fluxes
between the sea and atmosphere from an icebreaker in the eastern Arctic Ocean. EC …

Less than three decades ago only a small fraction of the Arctic Ocean (AO) was ice free and
then only for short periods. The ice cover kept sea surface pCO2 at levels lower relative to …

The mostly ice covered Arctic Ocean is dominated by low‐level liquid‐or mixed‐phase
clouds. Turbulence within stratocumulus is primarily driven by cloud top cooling that induces …

Abstract Forecasts with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts'
numerical weather prediction model are evaluated using an extensive set of observations …

Characteristics and trends of surface ocean dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations and fluxes
into the atmosphere of four Earth system models (ESMs: CNRM-ESM2-1, MIROC-ES2L …

Air–sea carbon dioxide (CO 2) flux is often indirectly estimated by the bulk method using the
air–sea difference in CO 2 fugacity (Δ f CO 2) and a parameterisation of the gas transfer …