In plants, male reproductive development is extremely sensitive to adverse climatic
environments and (a) biotic stress. Upon exposure to stress, male gametophytic organs …

Pollen development is a critical step in plant development that is needed for successful
breeding and seed formation. Manipulation of male fertility has proved a useful trait for …

Hybrid rice has greatly contributed to the global increase of rice productivity. A major
component that facilitated the development of hybrids was a mutant showing photoperiod …

High temperatures (HT) cause pollen abortion and poor floret fertility in rice, which is closely
associated with excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the develo** …

Pollen acts as a biological protector of male sperm and is covered by an outer cell wall
polymer called the exine, which consists of durable sporopollenin. Despite the astonishingly …

Autophagy modulates the degradation and recycling of intracellular materials and
contributes to male gametophyte development and male fertility in plants. However, whether …

Microsporogenesis and male gametogenesis are essential for the alternating life cycle of
flowering plants between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte generations. Rice …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a collective term for diverse processes causing an actively
induced, tightly controlled cellular suicide. PCD has a multitude of functions in the …

Male sterility in angiosperms has wide applications in agriculture, particularly in hybrid crop
breeding and gene flow control. Microspores develop adjacent to the tapetum, a layer of …

Controlling male fertility is an important goal for plant reproduction and selective breeding.
Hybrid vigour results in superior growth rates and increased yields of hybrids compared with …