The continuous development of quantum computing necessitates the development of
quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms. In response to this demand, the National …

The emergence of quantum computing poses significant risks to the security of current
cryptographic systems, particularly those reliant on classical algorithms vulnerable to …

Abstract We introduce the Merkle Tree Ladder (MTL) mode of operation for signature
schemes. MTL mode signs messages using an underlying signature scheme in such a way …

Data centers increasingly host mutually distrustful users on shared infrastructure. A powerful
tool to safeguard such users are digital signatures. Digital signatures have revolutionized …

With the threat posed by quantum computers on the horizon, systems like Ethereum must
transition to cryptographic primitives resistant to quantum attacks. One of the most critical of …

Hash-based signatures offer a conservative alternative to post-quantum signatures with
arguably better-understood security than other post-quantum candidates. As a core building …

In today's era, numerous applications are evolving into smart applications by leveraging
technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Big Data. The …

Hash-based signature (HBS) schemes are an efficient method of guaranteeing the
authenticity of data in a post-quantum world. The stateful schemes LMS and XMSS and the …

The MPC in the Head (MPCitH) paradigm has recently led to significant improvements for
signatures in the code-based setting. In this paper we consider some modifications to a …

Blockchain technology enables secure information and value exchange in untrusted
environments by integrating cryptographic techniques such as public–private key …