As one of the brightest natural surfaces on Earth, the darkening of snow by light-absorbing
particles (LAPs)—dust, black carbon or microbial growth—can trigger albedo feedbacks and …

Even if anthropogenic warming were constrained to less than 2° C above pre-industrial, the
Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets will continue to lose mass this century, with rates similar …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Quantifying changes in Earth's ice sheets and identifying the climate drivers are central to
improving sea level projections. We provide unified estimates of grounded and floating ice …

Despite considerable advances in process understanding, numerical modeling, and the
observational record of ice sheet contributions to global mean sea-level rise (SLR) since the …

Commonly known as the Asian Water Tower, glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its
surrounding regions are vital to the regional water cycle and water resources in the …

Rainfall at the Greenland ice sheet Summit 14 August 2021, was delivered by an
atmospheric river (AR). Extreme surface ablation expanded the all‐Greenland bare ice area …

Future climate projections show a marked increase in Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) runoff
during the 21st century, a direct consequence of the Polar Amplification signal. Regional …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Blooms of Zygnematophycean “glacier algae” lower the bare ice albedo of the Greenland
Ice Sheet (GrIS), amplifying summer energy absorption at the ice surface and enhancing …