The terrestrial ring current is an electric current flowing toroidally around the Earth, centered
at the equatorial plane and at altitudes of∼ 10,000–60,000 km. Changes in this current are …

The present paper comprises a review of kinetic instabilities that may be operative in the
solar wind, and how they influence the dynamics thereof. The review is limited to collective …

We perform a statistical study of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves detected by the
Van Allen Probes mission to investigate the spatial distribution of their occurrence, wave …

This paper focuses on the modeling of local acceleration and loss processes in the outer
radiation belt. We begin by reviewing the statistical properties of waves that violate the first …

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are transverse plasma waves generated by
anisotropic proton distributions with Tperp> Tpara. They are believed to play an important …

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves play an important role in magnetospheric
dynamics and their global distribution has been of great interest. This paper presents the …

The proton resonant firehose instability may arise in collisionless plasmas in which the
proton velocity distribution is approximately bi‐Maxwellian with T∥ p/T⊥ p> 1, where⊥ …

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are an important mechanism for particle
energization and losses inside the magnetosphere. In order to better understand the effects …

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves have been suggested to be a cause of radiation
belt electron loss to the atmosphere. Here simultaneous, magnetically conjugate …

There has been a revolution in understanding the nature of the Sun's atmosphere that has
been stimulated by high-resolution satellite observations together with the realisation that …