Soft robotics is a rapidly evolving field where robots are fabricated using highly deformable
materials and usually follow a bioinspired design. Their high dexterity and safety make them …

Abstract Machines are systems that harness input power to extend or advance function.
Fundamentally, machines are based on the integration of materials with mechanisms to …

To advance the field of soft robotics, a unified database of material constitutive models and
experimental characterizations is of paramount importance. This will facilitate the use of …

Robotics has undergone a profound revolution in the past 50 years, moving from the
laboratory and research institute to the factory and home. Kinematics and dynamics theories …

Artificial synaptic devices that can be stretched similar to those appearing in soft-bodied
animals, such as earthworms, could be seamlessly integrated onto soft machines toward …

Artificial muscles, providing safe and close interaction between humans and machines, are
essential in soft robotics. However, their insufficient deformation, output force, or …

Gras** and manipulation are fundamental ways for many creatures to interact with their
environments. Different morphologies and gras** methods of “grippers” are highly …

Soft actuators can be classified into five categories: tendon-driven actuators, electroactive
polymers, shape-memory materials, soft fluidic actuators (SFAs), and hybrid actuators. The …

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials capable of changing their shapes in a
predefined manner under a proper applied stimulus and have gained considerable interest …

Miniature soft robots offer excellent safety and deformability, which are highly desirable in
applications such as navigation in confined areas or the manipulation of microscale objects …