Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is released from the body in response to stress. Although a
moderate level of cortisol secretion can help the body maintain homeostasis, excessive …

Resilience is the ability to adapt successfully in the face of stress and adversity. Stressful life
events, trauma, and chronic adversity can have a substantial impact on brain function and …

Single-cell gene expression technologies are powerful tools to study cell types in the human
brain, but efforts have largely focused on cortical brain regions. We therefore created a …

Neuroinflammation has been implicated in multiple brain disorders but the extent and the
magnitude of change in immune-related genes (IRGs) across distinct brain disorders has not …

There is significant variation in the way individuals react and respond to extreme stress and
adversity. While some individuals develop psychiatric conditions such as posttraumatic …

Purpose The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis exerts many actions on the central
nervous system (CNS) aside from stress regulation. Glucocorticoids (GCs) play an important …

Resilience refers to the ability to successfully adapt to stressors, maintaining psychological
well-being in the face of adversity. Recent years have seen a great deal of research into the …

Background. Gender differences in depression have been documented for many years and
thought to be insignificant to treatment selection until recently. Methods. This article reviews …

Recently, we described a simple procedure, Drinking in the Dark (DID), in which C57BL/6J
mice self‐administer ethanol to a blood ethanol concentration (BEC) above 1 mg/ml. The …

Peptide and protein (P/P) drugs have been identified as showing great promises for the
treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. A major challenge in this regard …