Forest microclimates contrast strongly with the climate outside forests. To fully understand
and better predict how forests' biodiversity and functions relate to climate and climate …

Microclimates at the land–air interface affect the physiological functioning of organisms
which, in turn, influences the structure, composition, and functioning of ecosystems. We …

The frequency, duration, and intensity of extreme thermal events are increasing and are
projected to further increase by the end of the century,. Despite the considerable …

Macroclimate warming is often assumed to occur within forests despite the potential for tree
cover to modify microclimates. Here, using paired measurements, we compared the …

High exposure to warming from climate change is expected to threaten biodiversity by
pushing many species toward extinction. Such exposure is often assessed for all taxa at a …

Motivation More than half of Earth's species are contained in a mere 1.4% of its land area,
but the climates of many of these biodiversity hotspots are projected to disappear as a …

BACKGROUND Climate change impacts have now been documented across every
ecosystem on Earth, despite an average warming of only~ 1° C so far. Here, we describe the …

Tropical forests house over half of Earth's biodiversity and are an important influence on the
climate system. These forests are experiencing escalating human influence, altering their …

As global temperatures reach record highs, threats posed by climate change to biodiversity
become ever more severe. For endotherms, maintaining body temperature within safe …

Forest canopies are dynamic interfaces between organisms and atmosphere, providing
buffered microclimates and complex microhabitats. Canopies form vertically stratified …