BACKGROUND Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are places in the ocean that receive
protection to safeguard biodiversity from abatable threats. Confusion exists about the …

The spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas (PAs) was among the most
intensely debated issues prior to the decision about the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being promoted as an ocean-based climate
solution. However, such claims remain controversial because of the diffuse and poorly …

Local support is important for the longevity of conservation initiatives. The literature suggests
that perceptions of ecological effectiveness, social impacts, and good governance will …

In line with global targets agreed under the Convention on Biological Diversity, the number
of marine protected areas (MPAs) is increasing rapidly, yet socio-economic benefits …

Overfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas
(MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, yet the …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being used globally to conserve marine
resources. However, whether many MPAs are being effectively and equitably managed, and …

The value of big old fat fecund female fish (BOFFFFs) in fostering stock productivity and
stability has long been underappreciated by conventional fisheries science and …

Ocean health is critical for human well-being but is threatened by multiple stressors. Parties
to the Convention on Biological Diversity agreed to protect 10% of their waters by 2020. The …

Restricting human activities through Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is assumed to create
more resilient biological communities with a greater capacity to resist and recover following …