DNA damage, largely owing to oxidative stress, is a leading cause of defective sperm
function. High levels of oxidative stress result in damage to sperm DNA, RNA transcripts …

Sperm DNA integrity is essential for the accurate transmission of genetic information. It has a
highly compact and complex structure and is capable of decondensation—features that must …

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a general mechanism for removal of unwanted cells
from the immune system. It is characterized by chromatin condensation, a reduction in cell …

In healthy cells, fusion and fission events participate in regulating mitochondrial morphology.
Disintegration of the mitochondrial reticulum into multiple punctiform organelles during …

Background Loss of myocytes is an important mechanism in the development of cardiac
failure of either ischemic or nonischemic origin. However, whether programmed cell death …

Cancer cells are able to overproduce lactic acid aerobically, whereas normal cells undergo
anaerobic glycolysis only when deprived of oxygen. Tumor aerobic glycolysis was …

The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) was used to measure over 500 human semen
samples from two independent studies: Study I, 402 samples from 165 presumably fertile …

Detection of DNA fragments in situ using the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TDT)‐
mediated dUTP‐digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay is increasingly applied to …

Establishment of primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) as continuously growing cell
lines is normally accompanied by loss of the p53 or p19ARF tumor suppressors, which act in …

The term cell necrobiology is introduced to comprise the life processes associated with
morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes which predispose, precede, and …