Plants serve as host to numerous microorganisms. The members of these microbial
communities interact among each other and with the plant, and there is increasing evidence …

Trophic cascades are textbook examples of predator indirect effects on ecological systems.
Yet there is considerable debate about their nature, strength and overall importance. This …

There has been a recent surge of interest in remote sensing and its use in ecology and
conservation but this is the first book to focus explicitly on the NDVI (Normalised Difference …

A “landscape of fear”(LOF) is a map that describes continuous spatial variation in an
animal's perception of predation risk. The relief on this map reflects, for example, places that …

“Predation risk” and “fear” are concepts well established in animal behavior literature. We
expand these concepts to develop the model of the “landscape of fear”. The landscape of …

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential
aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically …

The vast scope of conservation problems has forced biologists and managers to rely on"
surrogate" species to serve as shortcuts to guide their decision making. These species …

A trophic cascade recently has been reported among wolves, elk, and aspen on the northern
winter range of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA, but the mechanisms of indirect …

We investigated how large carnivores, herbivores, and plants may be linked to the
maintenance of native species biodiversity through trophic cascades. The extirpation of …

We review the ecological rationale behind the potential compatibility between top predators
and biodiversity conservation, and examine their effectiveness as surrogate species …