Abstract Organs-on-chips (OoCs), also known as microphysiological systems or 'tissue
chips'(the terms are synonymous), have attracted substantial interest in recent years owing …

Loss of normal kidney function affects more than 10% of the population and contributes to
morbidity and mortality. Kidney diseases are currently treated with immunosuppressive …

For the past century, experimental data obtained from animal studies have been required by
reviewers of scientific articles and grant applications to validate the physiological relevance …

Organ-on-a-chip academic research is in its blossom. Drug toxicity evaluation is a promising
area in which organ-on-a-chip technology can apply. A unique advantage of organ-on-a …

New drug discovery is under growing pressure to satisfy the demand from a wide range of
domains, especially from the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare services. Assessment …

The last few decades have witnessed diversified in vitro models to recapitulate the
architecture and function of living organs or tissues and contribute immensely to advances in …

The discovery of polymyxins, highly basic lipodecapeptides, was published independently
by three laboratories in 1947. Their clinical use, however, was abandoned in the sixties …

The availability of assays that predict the contribution of cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism
allows for the design of new chemical entities (NCEs) with minimal oxidative metabolism …

Considerable challenges in engineering the female reproductive tissue are the follicle's
unique architecture, the need to recapitulate the extracellular matrix, and tissue …

The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades
despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target …