Calcium is one of the most widespread and, consequently, low-cost metals on Earth. It has
been applied for a long time in modifying and alloying alloys of heavy metals, in particular …

In this work, 37 industrial trials were conducted to examine the effect of Ca treatment on
inclusion formation and transformation. The samples were taken from tundish and separated …

To investigate the effect of magnesium addition on the evolution of inclusions in Al–Ca
deoxidized melts, both thermodynamic calculations and deoxidized experiments were …

To obtain solid Al 2 O 3 or MgO· Al 2 O 3 inclusions in ladle furnace (LF) refining process
and achieve ultra-low total oxygen content in steel through subsequent Ruhrstahl Heraeus …

Experiments with different titanium addition were carried out in alumina crucible without slag
at 1873 K to investigate the variation of inclusion composition, size and morphology in Al–Ti …

The effect of cooling rate on the evolution of AlN inclusions precipitated during solidification
in FeCrAl stainless steel was investigated using an experimental study and thermodynamic …

The inclusion evolutions after calcium treatment in Al-killed steel with different sulphur
content were determined by chemical experiments and thermodynamics calculations. The …

Contrasting experiments of Al killed 60Si2MnA spring steel were carried out between using
and excluding calcium treatment under LF refining slags with low and high basicity ratios (R …

Ferroalloys are integral constituents of the steelmaking process, since non-metallic
inclusions (NMIs) from ferroalloys significantly influence the transformation of inclusions …

The characteristics of inclusions in as-cast FeCrAl-(La) alloys were investigated by using
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and confocal …