Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate components, each of which has
detrimental effects on human health. While the composition of air pollution varies greatly …

The impacts of ambient PM 2.5 on public health have become great concerns worldwide,
especially in the develo** countries. Epidemiological and toxicological studies have …

Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP)> 140 mmHg
and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of …

Background Ambient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet
uncertainty remains about the size of risks at lower levels of fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) …

Air pollution is now becoming an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. Numerous epidemiological, biomedical and clinical studies indicate that ambient …

Background Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter less than 2· 5 μm in diameter (PM
2· 5) and traffic-related air pollutant concentrations are associated with cardiovascular risk …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally. In the past several
decades, researchers have raised significant awareness about the sex differences in CVD …

Importance Emerging yet contrasting evidence associates air pollution with incident
dementia, and the potential role of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this association is …

Air pollution has wide-ranging and deleterious effects on human health and is a major issue
for the global community. The Global Burden of Disease study has described the worldwide …

An escalating body of epidemiologic and clinical research provides compelling evidence
that exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution contributes to the development of …