Artificial spin ices consist of nanomagnets arranged on the sites of various periodic and
aperiodic lattices. They have enabled the experimental investigation of a variety of …

Research efforts addressing spin waves (magnons) in micro-and nanostructured
ferromagnetic materials have increased tremendously in recent years. Corresponding …

Lithographic processing and film growth technologies are continuing to advance, so that it is
now possible to create patterned ferroic materials consisting of arrays of sub-1 μm elements …

Artificial spin ice comprises a class of frustrated arrays of interacting single-domain
ferromagnetic nanostructures. Previous studies of artificial spin ice have focused on simple …

Artificial spin ice systems have been proposed as a playground for the study of monopole-
like magnetic excitations,, similar to those observed in pyrochlore spin ice materials …

Ever since its introduction by Ludwig Boltzmann, the ergodic hypothesis became a
cornerstone analytical concept of equilibrium thermodynamics and complex dynamic …

Artificial ices enable the study of geometrical frustration by design and through direct
observation. However, it has proven difficult to achieve tailored long-range ordering of their …

Geometric frustration and the ice rule are two concepts that are intimately connected and
widespread across condensed matter. The first refers to the inability of a system to satisfy …

Two-dimensional arrays of interacting magnetic nanostructures offer a remarkable
playground for simulating, experimentally, lattice spin models. Initially designed to capture …

Artificial frustrated systems offer a playground to study the emergent properties of interacting
systems. Most work to date has been on spatially periodic systems, known as artificial spin …