Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a vital system of human body, as it
maintains plasma sodium concentration, arterial blood pressure and extracellular volume …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by novel coronavirus Severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first time reported in …

People with type 1 and type 2 diabetes are at risk of develo** progressive chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney failure. Hypertension is a major, reversible risk factor …

Genes involved in the regulation of viral recognition and its entry into a host cell have been
identified as candidates for genetic association studies on COVID-19 severity. Published …

Background Mechanistic studies suggest that aldosterone impairs glucose metabolism. We
investigated the cross‐sectional associations of aldosterone and plasma renin activity with …

The etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is complex, multifactorial and compromises all the
elements of the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU). This diabetic complication has a chronic …

Diabetes is correlated with organ failures as a consequence of microvascular diabetic
complications, including neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. These difficulties come …

The pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema (DME) is complex. Persistently high blood
glucose activates multiple cellular pathways and induces inflammation, oxidation stress, and …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters cells through
angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which expression of its gene increases during …

Clinical risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR), such as duration of disease and degree of
glucose control, do not adequately predict disease progression in individual patients …