Bioenergy deployment offers significant potential for climate change mitigation, but also
carries considerable risks. In this review, we bring together perspectives of various …

Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. We review the environmental
factors controlling their structure and global distribution and evaluate their current and future …

After agriculture, wood harvest is the human activity that has most reduced the storage of
carbon in vegetation and soils,. Although felled wood releases carbon to the atmosphere in …

Permanent grasslands cover 34% of the European Union's agricultural area and are vital for
a wide variety of ecosystem services essential for our society. Over recent decades, the …

Live woody vegetation is the largest reservoir of biomass carbon, with its restoration
considered one of the most effective natural climate solutions. However, terrestrial carbon …

Abstract Changes in forest disturbances can have strong impacts on forests, yet we lack
consistent data on Europe's forest disturbance regimes and their changes over time. Here …

Global vegetation dynamics are of critical importance for understanding changes in
ecosystem structure and functioning and their responses to different natural and …

Abstract Background The European Union (EU) has committed to achieve climate neutrality
by 2050. This requires a rapid reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and ensuring …

Covering 35% of Europe's land area, forest ecosystems play a crucial role in safeguarding
biodiversity and mitigating climate change. Yet, forest degradation continues to undermine …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …