Droughts and heatwaves cause agricultural loss, forest mortality, and drinking water scarcity,
especially when they occur simultaneously as combined events. Their predicted increase in …

Contents I. Introduction 295 II. Evolution of the Plant Vascular System 295 III. Phloem
Development & Differentiation 300 IV. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Xylem Cell …

Forecasted increase drought frequency and severity may drive worldwide declines in forest
productivity. Species‐level responses to a drier world are likely to be influenced by their …

Climate change exposes vegetation to unusual drought, causing declines in productivity and
increased mortality. Drought responses are hard to anticipate because canopy transpiration …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses plant microclimate. Microclimate is the complex
of environmental variables, including temperature, radiation, humidity, and wind, to which …

Severe droughts have been associated with regional‐scale forest mortality worldwide.
Climate change is expected to exacerbate regional mortality events; however, prediction …

Droughts are expected to become more frequent and more intense under climate change.
Plant mortality rates and biomass declines in response to drought depend on stomatal and …

Attempts to understand mechanisms underlying plant mortality during drought have led to
the emergence of a hydraulic framework describing distinct hydraulic strategies among …

Large-scale biogeographical shifts in vegetation are predicted in response to the altered
precipitation and temperature regimes associated with global climate change. Vegetation …

Model–data comparisons of plant physiological processes provide an understanding of
mechanisms underlying vegetation responses to climate. We simulated the physiology of a …