Insulin synthesis in pancreatic β‐cells is initiated as preproinsulin. Prevailing glucose
concentrations, which oscillate pre‐and postprandially, exert major dynamic variation in …

Current research has demonstrated that mitochondrial morphology, distribution, and function
are maintained by the balanced regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion, and …

Mitochondrial health is critical for skeletal muscle function and is improved by exercise
training through both mitochondrial biogenesis and removal of damaged/dysfunctional …

Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic drug that exerts cardiovascular protective effects in
patients with diabetes. How metformin protects against diabetes-related cardiovascular …

Fatty acids are an important source of energy and a key component of phospholipids in
membranes and organelles. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are converted into unsaturated fatty …

Neuroinflammation following peripheral surgery is a pivotal pathogenic mechanism of
postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). However, the key site of inflammation-mediated …

A molecular clock network is crucial for daily physiology and maintaining organismal health.
We examined the interactions and importance of intratissue clock networks in muscle tissue …

During the process of reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, somatic cells
switch from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism, a transition associated with profound …

Background and Purpose Mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress are crucial
contributors to the tubular cell injury and death in acute kidney injury. Novel therapeutic …

Failure of the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain optimal folding of pro-insulin in
the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to unresolved ER stress and β cell death. This …