The disks that orbit young stars are the essential conduits and reservoirs of material for star
and planet formation. Their structures, meaning the spatial variations of the disk physical …

The envelopes and disks that surround protostars reflect the initial conditions of star and
planet formation and govern the assembly of stellar masses. Characterizing these structures …

Abstract We present Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-Millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6
observations of a complete sample of protoplanetary disks in the young (∼ 1–3 Myr) Lupus …

The σ Orionis cluster is important for studying protoplanetary disk evolution, as its
intermediate age (∼ 3–5 Myr) is comparable to the median disk lifetime. We use ALMA to …

Gaps in protoplanetary disks have long been hailed as signposts of planet formation.
However, a direct link between exoplanets and disks remains hard to identify. We present a …

Context. Star formation takes place in giant molecular clouds, resulting in mass-segregated
young stellar clusters composed of Sun-like stars, brown dwarfs, and massive O-type (50 …

AF Lep A+ b is a remarkable planetary system hosting a gas-giant planet that has the lowest
dynamical mass among directly imaged exoplanets. We present an in-depth analysis of the …

Protoplanetary disks with large inner dust cavities are thought to host massive planetary or
substellar companions. These disks show asymmetries and rings in the millimeter …

Star formation is primarily controlled by the interplay between gravity, turbulence, and
magnetic fields. However, the turbulence and magnetic fields in molecular clouds near the …

The observed exoplanet population features a gap in the radius distribution that separates
the smaller super-Earths (≲ 1.7 Earth radii) from the larger sub-Neptunes (∼ 1.7–4 Earth …