Advances in microbiome science require a better understanding of how beneficial microbes
adapt to hosts. We tested whether hosts select for more-cooperative microbial strains with a …

Premise The ecological outcomes of mutualism are well known to shift across abiotic or
biotic environments, but few studies have addressed how different environments impact …

Purpose The increase in frequency of freeze–thaw episodes with the diminution of snow
cover protection due to climate change compromises the winter survival of alfalfa (Medicago …

In mutualism, hosts select symbionts via partner choice and preferentially direct more
resources to symbionts that provide greater benefits via sanctions. At the initiation of …

Supply and demand affect the values of goods exchanged in cooperative trades. Studies of
humans and other species typically describe the standard scenario that an increase in …

Mutualism is thought to be more prevalent in the tropics than temperate zones and may
therefore play an important role in generating and maintaining high species richness found …

Although mutualisms are defined as net beneficial interactions among species, whether
fitness conflict or alignment drive the evolution of these interactions is unclear. Examining …

Rates of molecular evolution vary greatly among even closely related species. Although
theory predicts that antagonistic interactions between species increase rates of molecular …

While an organism's phenotype can partially be attributed to heritable genetic variation,
recent work has highlighted that phenotype is also partially influenced by an organism's …

Domestication is essential for improving plants for human use, but it can come with
unintended side effects. The rhizobial mutualism, which provides legumes with nitrogen, is …